Yeah, that’s a very good point. Historically, ideological organizations have used the tools of violence or exclusion from the the group to maintain a strong ideological coherence. Religions suppress heretics by condemning, excluding, or even killing them. Especially cults also try to make their members as dependent on the cult as possible, so that they really feat exclusion very much.
Methods of punishment and exclusion are still used to many different organizations, even if they aren’t very ideological, for example companies.
When it comes to nations, things are slightly different. Ideology only plays a strict role in authoritarian countries. And in those cases citizens are expected to adhere to the state ideology, or they will be punished for deviating from it by their actions.
But when we talk about p factions, they are much more like voluntary clubs which people can join freely, and which they can leave freely without losing a lot. This seems to be not very compatible with the idea of owning some concrete physical territory, because if you live on a territory of some faction and you leave that faction, you live on the territory of someone else – some foreign power. That’s a real problem.
This would suggest that p factions would be at best something like virtual nations and that the territory they live on belongs to another category of organizations (be they tribes, or nations, or something else).
This also points to another difficult aspect: While some members of a p faction might authentically share the values of the p factions, others might join that p faction for social reasons, because they have some relationship with a more authentic member. Or they might be in just for some sort of advantage that official membership in that p faction comes with. Those would be inauthentic members of a p faction. Should they really be counted as actual members? Would it make sense to differentiate more precisely between authentic p factions (with members being authentic by definition) and social extensions of these p factions?
Though questions.